前言：

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构建自己的centOS

Docker Hub中99%的镜像都是从这个基础镜像过来的FROM scratch，然后配置需要的软件和配置来进行构建的；

创建一个自己的centos

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# 编写dockerfile配置文件
[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# vim mydockerfile-centos

FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER jokerdig<jokerdig@163.com>

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yum -y install vim # 安装vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools # 安装net-tools

EXPOSE 80

CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "---------end-----"
CMD /bin/bash

# 查看
[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# cat mydockerfile-centos
FROM centos:7
MAINTAINER jokerdig<jokerdig@163.com>

ENV MYPATH /usr/local
WORKDIR $MYPATH

RUN yum -y install vim
RUN yum -y install net-tools

EXPOSE 80

CMD echo $MYPATH
CMD echo "---------end-----"
CMD /bin/bash

# 通过文件构建镜像
docker build -f mydockerfile-centos -t mycentos:0.1 .
# 返回Successfully说明生成成功
Successfully built 2f2745999e39
Successfully tagged mycentos:0.1

# 查看镜像
[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# docker images
REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
mycentos              0.1       2f2745999e39   56 seconds ago   467MB

测试运行

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[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# docker run -it 2f2745999e39
[root@465fadcbf43e local]# pwd
/usr/local
[root@465fadcbf43e local]# ls
bin  games    lib    libexec  share
etc  include  lib64  sbin     src
[root@465fadcbf43e local]# ifconfig 
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 172.18.0.5  netmask 255.255.0.0  broadcast 172.18.255.255
        ether 02:42:ac:12:00:05  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 13  bytes 1120 (1.0 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
.......................

查看镜像构建历史

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[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# docker history 2f2745999e39
IMAGE          CREATED         CREATED BY                                      SIZE      COMMENT
2f2745999e39   5 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "/bin…   0B        
521f7c8be542   5 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B        
c8ffab1d789e   5 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/sh" "-c" "echo…   0B        
3c671c292043   5 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  EXPOSE 80                    0B        
03c54a82312a   5 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install net-tools             25MB      
7d69a6745e2d   6 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c yum -y install vim                   238MB     
a5ada6508f68   6 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /usr/local            0B        
5c31bb070341   6 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  ENV MYPATH=/usr/local        0B        
0975e3513911   6 minutes ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  MAINTAINER jokerdig<joker…   0B        
eeb6ee3f44bd   12 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  CMD ["/bin/bash"]            0B        
<missing>      12 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop)  LABEL org.label-schema.sc…   0B        
<missing>      12 months ago   /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:b3ebbe8bd304723d4…   204MB

CMD和ENTRYPOINT的区别

测试CMD和ENTRYPOINT的区别

CMD构建

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# 编写配置文件
[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# vim mydockerfile-test
[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# cat mydockerfile-test
FROM centos
CMD ["ls","-a"]

# 构建
[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# docker build -f mydockerfile-test  -t cmdtest .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  3.072kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
 ---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/2 : CMD ["ls","-a"]
 ---> Running in 51bc7af240e5
Removing intermediate container 51bc7af240e5
 ---> 22524f27f2c5
Successfully built 22524f27f2c5
Successfully tagged cmdtest:latest

# 运行，打印所有目录
[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# docker run 22524f27f2c5
.
..
.dockerenv
bin
dev
etc
home
lib
lib64
lost+found
media
mnt
opt
proc
root
run
sbin
srv
sys
tmp
usr
var
# 我们想追加一个命令 ls 追加 -l
[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# docker run 22524f27f2c5 -l
# 但是它直接报错了，因为使用CMD的时候，-l 直接替换了 ls -a 的命令
docker: Error response from daemon: failed to create shim task: OCI runtime create failed: runc create failed: unable to start container process: exec: "-l": executable file not found in $PATH: unknown.
ERRO[0000] error waiting for container: context canceled 

# 正确的命令
[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# docker run 22524f27f2c5 ls -al
total 56
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Sep 26 05:02 .
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Sep 26 05:02 ..
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root    0 Sep 26 05:02 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  340 Sep 26 05:02 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Sep 26 05:02 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 198 root root    0 Sep 26 05:02 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 root
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root    0 Sep 26 05:02 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  12 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 var

ENTRYPOINT构建

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# 通过ENTRYPOINT构建
[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# vim mydockerfile-test2

[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# cat mydockerfile-test2
FROM centos
ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]

# 构建
[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# docker build -f mydockerfile-test2  -t cmdtest .
Sending build context to Docker daemon  4.096kB
Step 1/2 : FROM centos
 ---> 5d0da3dc9764
Step 2/2 : ENTRYPOINT ["ls","-a"]
 ---> Running in 68a368c2694a
Removing intermediate container 68a368c2694a
 ---> 263bc176c4b9
Successfully built 263bc176c4b9
Successfully tagged cmdtest:latest

# 追加-l命令，直接-l也可以追加命令，不会替换原本的命令；
[root@jokerdig dockerfile]# docker run 263bc176c4b9 -l
total 56
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Sep 26 05:05 .
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Sep 26 05:05 ..
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root root    0 Sep 26 05:05 .dockerenv
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 bin -> usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x   5 root root  340 Sep 26 05:05 dev
drwxr-xr-x   1 root root 4096 Sep 26 05:05 etc
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 home
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    7 Nov  3  2020 lib -> usr/lib
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    9 Nov  3  2020 lib64 -> usr/lib64
drwx------   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 media
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 mnt
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 opt
dr-xr-xr-x 198 root root    0 Sep 26 05:05 proc
dr-xr-x---   2 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 root
drwxr-xr-x  11 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 run
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root root    8 Nov  3  2020 sbin -> usr/sbin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root root 4096 Nov  3  2020 srv
dr-xr-xr-x  13 root root    0 Sep 26 05:05 sys
drwxrwxrwt   7 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 tmp
drwxr-xr-x  12 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 usr
drwxr-xr-x  20 root root 4096 Sep 15  2021 var

通过测试可以看出：

  1. CMD和ENTRYPOINT都可以执行其中的命令；
  2. 如果在运行的时候追加命令，CMD会报错，而ENTRYPOINT会将追加的命令拼接在其文件中的命令之后，并且会正常运行；

Dockerfile制作tomcat镜像

  1. 准备tomcat的压缩包，jdk压缩包

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    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# ls
    apache-tomcat-8.5.82.tar.gz  jdk-8u341-linux-x64.tar.gz

  2. 编写Dockerfile文件

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    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# touch readme.txt
    # Dockerfile为官方命名
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# vim Dockerfile

    FROM centos:7
    MAINTAINER jokerdig<jokerdig@163.com>
    COPY readme.txt /usr/local/readme.txt

    ADD jdk-8u341-linux-x64.tar.gz /usr/local/
    ADD apache-tomcat-8.5.82.tar.gz /usr/local/

    CMD yum -y install vim

    ENV MYPATH /usr/local
    WORKDIR $MYPATH

    ENV JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_341
    ENV CLASSPATH $JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
    ENV CATALINA_HOME /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.82
    ENV CATALINA_BASE /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.82
    ENV PATH $PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$CATALINA_HOME/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/bin

    EXPOSE 8080

    CMD /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.82/bin/startup.sh && ta
    il -F /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.82/bin/logs/catalina.
    out

    # 构建tomcat
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker build -t diytomcat .
    .......
    Successfully built 7d8317896cad
    Successfully tagged diytomcat:latest # 构建成功
    # 查看镜像
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker images
    REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED             SIZE
    diytomcat             latest    7d8317896cad   4 minutes ago       589MB

    # 启动tomcat
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker run -d -p 8080:8080 --name diytomcat -v /home/tomcat/test:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.82/webapps/test -v /home/tomcat/logs:/usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.5.82/logs diytomcat
    676756a52196d2f7d53707057c7d7397a46b73c78d7481ed924410ad8be4dff3
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# 

    # 查看我们挂载的logs和test两个目录
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# ls
    apache-tomcat-8.5.82.tar.gz  Dockerfile  jdk-8u341-linux-x64.tar.gz  logs  readme.txt  test

  3. 访问测试

    image-20220926135855130

发布镜像到DockerHub

  1. 注册Dockerhub账号；

    Docker Hub Container Image Library | App Containerization

  2. 登录;

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    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker login -u jokerdig #(你的用户名) 然后回车
    Password: # (输入时密码不会显示)
    WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
    Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
    https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

    Login Succeeded

  3. 在服务器上提交镜像；

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    # 修改镜像版本号
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker images
    REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED             SIZE
    diytomcat             latest      7d8317896cad   28 minutes ago      589MB
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker tag diytomcat:latest jokerdig/diytomcat:1.0
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker images
    REPOSITORY            TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED             SIZE
    jokerdig/diytomcat             1.0      7d8317896cad   28 minutes ago      589MB
    # 提交镜像(速度很慢)
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker push jokerdig/diytomcat:1.0
    The push refers to repository [docker.io/jokerdig/diytomcat]
    ........

发布镜像到阿里云容器服务

  1. 登录阿里云，找到镜像容器服务

  2. 选择个人实例，设置密码

  3. 创建命名空间

    image-20220926142656450

  4. 创建镜像仓库

    image-20220926142839979

    image-20220926142916729

  5. 推送步骤(根据你自己的页面步骤)

    image-20220926143022394

  6. 退出Dockerhub登录

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    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker logout
    Removing login credentials for https://index.docker.io/v1/

  7. 登录阿里云

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    # 注意，这里复制你自己的
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker login --username=joker大 雄 registry.cn-wulanchabu.aliyuncs.com
    Password: 
    WARNING! Your password will be stored unencrypted in /root/.docker/config.json.
    Configure a credential helper to remove this warning. See
    https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/login/#credentials-store

    Login Succeeded

  8. 设置镜像tag

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    # 设置镜像tag，这里复制你自己的
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker tag 7d8317896cad registry.cn-wulanchabu.aliyuncs.com/jokerdig/docker-test:1.0
    # 查看镜像
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker images
    REPOSITORY                                                 TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED          SIZE
    registry.cn-wulanchabu.aliyuncs.com/jokerdig/docker-test   1.0       7d8317896cad   47 minutes ago   589MB

  9. 提交镜像

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    # 提交镜像，这里复制你自己的
    [root@jokerdig tomcat]# docker push registry.cn-wulanchabu.aliyuncs.com/jokerdig/docker-test:1.0

小结

image-20220926143949064